Jerri and Janelle work at Logistics of Love, a nonprofit designer of homeless shelters. Last month, Janelle, newly hired on a temporary designing assignment, was asked by her supervisor to oversee the company's social media presence. Being new to using social media in a professional context, Janelle is considering her efficacy. She talks to Jerri and other individuals who have been creating professional social media content for several years. Jerri takes pride in her work-related social media posts and always approaches company-based social media with total enthusiasm. Jerri tells Janelle that she believes exerting a high level of effort will result in a successful performance in representing the company on social media. Which of the following best describes Jerri's belief about exerting a high level of effort? a. emotional cues b. valence c. expectancy d. instrumentality e. equity